Why is the elderly prioritized for the vaccine in the U.S., but not in China?
Narrative and audio project
About this project
Concept overview
This podcast is aimed to provide an explanation of how and why different countries have different policies on who to prioritize for COVID-19 vaccination, by using the example of the elderly group in vaccine line-up in U.S. and China.
Statement of need
People need to know vaccination policies in where they live and also understand how and why vaccine policies are constructed and implemented in different ways for different countries.
Target audience
Adults, parents, or anyone who is interested in COVID-19 vaccination who resident in the US or China.
English learners
Learning goals and objectives
Goals
People will understand why the U.S. and China place the elderly group differently in their COVID-19 vaccine rollout.
Objectives
By listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:
identify the line-up for elderly for COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S and China
explain why the U.S. and China place the elderly group differently in their COVID-19 vaccine rollout
understand the rationale behind the vaccination policies so that they follow the policy and do not disadvantage the ones in need.
Design thinking
Last week, my dad, who is an educator in a college in China, told me that he got his first dose. What's more surprising is that he told me that elderly over 60 and people with underlying health conditions are not prioritized for COVID-19 vaccinations, which is almost the opposite situation than here in the U.S. I found it would be interesting to use U.S. and China as examples to show why vaccine policies are so different area by area.
At this point, "when can I get vaccinated?" has become a daily check-in for a lot of people. When I saw someone sharing their experiences cutting the line to get vaccinated, I feel happy for them but also angry that what they did violates the rule and might have disadvantaged others in greater risks or danger.
The rationale behind the rollout policy isn’t something ordinary people have to know or understand, while we are together suffering from this specific period of time, it is necessary to think about the big picture and understand how policies are made. As a learning designer, I would like to explain why vaccination policies are so different in different places, and why government constructs and implements such rules, so people get to know the rationale and would behave as they ought to without disadvantaging others who are actually in line.
Design process
Tools used: Audacity, ZapSplat, Adobe Premiere Pro
For this project, I am using Audacity for recording my voice with a portable microphone. The background music is from ZapSplat, a website that offers free and royalty-free music. For the audio editing, I am using Adobe Premiere Pro. Here are my scripts and editing process: audio track 1 is the host’s recording, audio track 2 is the background music and audio track 3 contains some ambiance noise. Please see my storyboard and editing process shown as following:
Audio story board (Click to view)
Editing process on Audacity (click to view)
Audio story board (Click to view)
Editing process on Adobe Premiere Pro (Click to view)
Design rationales
Mayer’s Cognitive Thoeries of Multimedia Learning
There is no image or text in this audio project, which can be argued on the counter side of Mayer’s CTML’s Redundency principle that people can learner better without redundent information being presented at the same time. There is no live scripts or subtles for this podcast, which can offload students’ cognitive effort by minimizing extraneous load.
Voice principle and Personalization principle suggests that people learn better with coversational human voiceover then machine voiceover, which are adopted in this project as well.
Baddeley's model of working memory
The phonological loop processes sounds and is responsible for speech based information, as a part of Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory. This includes sounds that are processed in one’s brain. When the listeners are listening to the podcast, the information enters WM storage, which has a very limited capacity. This podcast is designed in simple languages and explanations, which is not supposed to take off too much capacity of one's working memory that they do not remember anything after the podcast is finished.
The phonological loop also evolves to facilitate the acquisition of language. As the target audience can be ESL learners, this simple podcast can help those to learn and get familiar with English too for its proven connection in improving language perception and production.
Podcasting and Education
This project is designed to be a news-style podcast, which can be served as an effective learning tool according to itsinherited pedagogic advantages (Cebeci & Tekdal, p 49-50):
Podcasting serves anytime and anywhere mobile learning
Podcasting provides the opportunity of learning through listening
Podcasting makes possible content that is attractive to students
Podcasting eases accession and selection to a wide range of audio resources in the Web. This provides better cognitive-based personalization in learning.
Prototype
Limitations and future work
Due to the time constrain, I did not have time to interview anyone who can be seen as an expert and have that person talked about the rationale of prioritizing different groups of people under specific circumstances for each country. Even though I did intensive research on the “why”, what I know might still be biased. If possible, I would like to ask experts to talk about the whys from a professional perspective, and the podcast will be in a more conversational style than it is right now.
Reference
Baddeley, A. (2012). Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422
Bates, A. W. (2015, April 5). 7.3 Audio – Teaching in a Digital Age. Pressbooks. https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/9-5-2-audio/
BBC News. (2021, January 14). Covid: What do we know about China’s coronavirus vaccines? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55212787#:%7E:text=How%20does%20the%20Sinovac%20vaccine,risking%20a%20serious%20disease%20response.
Boris, V. (2019, February 4). What Makes Storytelling So Effective For Learning? Harvard Business Publishing. https://www.harvardbusiness.org/what-makes-storytelling-so-effective-for-learning/
Cebeci, Z., & Tekdal, M. (2006). Using Podcasts as Audio Learning Objects. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning, 2, 047–057. https://doi.org/10.28945/400
Facher, L. (2021, March 3). Comparing three Covid-19 vaccines: Pfizer, Moderna, J&J. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/02/comparing-the-covid-19-vaccines-developed-by-pfizer-moderna-and-johnson-johnson/
Henley, J. (2021, March 23). Lockdowns return or are extended as third wave of Covid sweeps Europe. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/lockdowns-return-extended-third-wave-covid-europe
Kalyuga, S., & Sweller, J. (2014). The Redundancy Principle in Multimedia Learning. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 247-262). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139547369.013
Public Health England. (2021, February 23). COVID-19 vaccination first phase priority groups. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-vaccination-care-home-and-healthcare-settings-posters/covid-19-vaccination-first-phase-priority-groups
Staff, R. (2021, March 2). China aims to vaccinate 40% of population by end-July: senior adviser. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccine/china-aims-to-vaccinate-40-of-population-by-end-july-senior-adviser-idUSKBN2AU0J9
When Vaccine is Limited, Who Gets Vaccinated First? (2021, March 25). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html
Xin Hua Agency. (2021, March 19). 60岁及以上老年人能否打新冠疫苗?官方回应来了. 第一财经 Yicai. https://www.yicai.com/news/100992281.html
申华. (2021, February 23). 为何中国老年人被排除在优先接种新冠疫苗人群之外?. 美国之音 Voice of America. https://www.voachinese.com/a/China-elderly-not-vaccinated-20210223/5789263.html